HF has a polar covalent bond due to large electronegativity difference between H (2.1) and F (4.0), causing unequal sharing. It is not ionic because the difference is not extreme enough (>1.7 is typical but borderline). The bond is polar.
Explanation:
Ant sting contains formic acid (methanoic acid, HCOOH). It causes a burning sensation. It can be neutralized by applying a mild base like baking soda. Acetic acid is in vinegar, citric acid in lemons, lactic acid in curd.
Explanation:
In 1913, Niels Bohr modified Rutherford's model to explain atomic stability and emission spectra. He introduced the concept of quantized electron orbits (or energy levels), stating that electrons revolve in specific, fixed orbits without radiating energy, and they only emit or absorb energy when jumping between these discrete levels.
Explanation:
Ethanol is added to chloroform to inhibit its oxidation to phosgene (COCl₂) – a negative catalyst. Others are positive catalysts that speed up reactions.
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