Bauxite (Al₂O₃·2H₂O) is the principal ore of aluminium. Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) and haematite (Fe₂O₃) are iron ores. Zinc blende is ZnS. Bauxite is refined by Bayer's process to obtain pure alumina, which is then electrolyzed in cryolite.
Explanation:
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂↑. Zinc displaces hydrogen from acid because it is more reactive than hydrogen in the reactivity series. Hydrogen gas burns with a pop sound when a burning splint is brought near the mouth of the test tube. Metals above hydrogen in the series react with acids to evolve H₂; metals below (Cu, Ag) do not. Nitric acid is an oxidizer, so may not yield H₂.
Explanation:
To name this alkane, find the longest continuous carbon chain, which has 4 carbons (butane). Number the chain from the end closest to the substituent to give it the lowest possible number. The methyl group is on the second carbon. Thus, the IUPAC name is 2-methylbutane. Isopentane is its common name.
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