Explanation:
A p-type semiconductor is created by doping a pure semiconductor (like Silicon) with a trivalent impurity (like Boron). This creates a deficiency of one electron, creating a 'hole'. These positive holes vastly outnumber the thermally generated free electrons. Thus, holes are the majority charge carriers, and electrons are the minority charge carriers.
Explanation:
U ∝ V². If V' = 2V, U' = 4U. Energy scales with square of voltage. Memory aid: 'Capacitor energy: U ∝ V²; double voltage ⇒ quadruple energy'. Electrostatics proportionality frequently tested in competitive exams.
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