The Earth's atmosphere is heated mainly by: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

The Earth's atmosphere is heated mainly by:
A. Conduction from the Earth's core
B. Direct solar radiation
C. Volcanic eruptions
D. Longwave terrestrial radiation
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
The Earth's atmosphere is mainly heated by longwave terrestrial radiation (infrared radiation) emitted by the Earth's surface after it absorbs solar radiation. The atmosphere is mostly transparent to shortwave solar radiation.

This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather

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Question #1 Report Error
Which of the following is a characteristic of a tundra climate?
A. Desert conditions and sand dunes
B. Permafrost and low-growing vegetation
C. Tall trees and dense vegetation
D. Rainforests and high biodiversity

Correct Answer: Option B


Explanation:
Tundra climates (Köppen ET) are characterized by permafrost (permanently frozen ground) and low-growing vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and shrubs. Trees are absent due to the short growing season.

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Question #2 Report Error
The 'Intertropical Convergence Zone' (ITCZ) in India is also known as:
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Correct Answer: Option A


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The ITCZ is also known as the 'Doldrums' or the 'Equatorial Trough'. In India, its northward shift is associated with the monsoon.

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Question #3 Report Error
Which of the following is a characteristic of a polar maritime air mass?
A. Warm and dry
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C. Warm and humid
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Correct Answer: Option D


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Polar maritime air masses are cold and humid, originating over cold ocean waters in polar regions. They often bring cool, cloudy, and wet weather to affected regions.

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