The Earth's atmosphere is mainly heated by longwave terrestrial radiation (infrared radiation) emitted by the Earth's surface after it absorbs solar radiation. The atmosphere is mostly transparent to shortwave solar radiation.
Explanation:
Tundra climates (Köppen ET) are characterized by permafrost (permanently frozen ground) and low-growing vegetation such as mosses, lichens, and shrubs. Trees are absent due to the short growing season.
Explanation:
Polar maritime air masses are cold and humid, originating over cold ocean waters in polar regions. They often bring cool, cloudy, and wet weather to affected regions.
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