Methanol (CH₃OH) contains the hydroxyl (–OH) functional group characteristic of alcohols. It is the simplest alcohol, also called wood alcohol. Ethanol (C₂H₅OH) is the alcohol in beverages. Aldehydes have –CHO group, ketones have >C=O, carboxylic acids have –COOH. Methanol is toxic; ingestion can cause blindness or death. It is used as a solvent and in formaldehyde production.
Explanation:
Rhizobium is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium that lives in root nodules of legumes and converts atmospheric N₂ to ammonia, enriching soil fertility naturally. It is a biofertilizer. Urea and ammonium sulfate are synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers. Superphosphate is a synthetic phosphorus fertilizer. Biofertilizers like Azotobacter, Blue-green algae, and mycorrhizae are eco-friendly and sustainable.
Explanation:
During the electrolysis of water, reduction occurs at the cathode (negative electrode), where H⁺ ions gain electrons to form hydrogen gas (2H⁺ + 2e⁻ → H₂). Oxidation occurs at the anode, producing oxygen gas. The volume of H₂ collected is exactly twice that of O₂.
Explanation:
Thermite process uses a mixture of aluminium powder and iron(III) oxide: Fe₂O₃ + 2Al → 2Fe + Al₂O₃ + heat. The reaction is highly exothermic, producing molten iron that is used to join railway tracks. Aluminium acts as a reducing agent. Copper, zinc, iron are not used as the reducing agent in this process.
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