The inorganic molecule that is a cofactor for many enzymes, including DNA polymerase, and is essential for nerve function is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question
The inorganic molecule that is a cofactor for many enzymes, including DNA polymerase, and is essential for nerve function is:
A. Magnesium
B. Iron
C. Calcium
D. Zinc
Answer: Option A
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Magnesium (Mg²⁺) is a crucial cofactor for ATP-utilizing enzymes, including DNA polymerase, and is essential for nucleic acid structure, nerve impulse transmission, and muscle contraction. Iron is for hemoglobin, zinc for many enzymes and transcription factors, calcium for bones and signaling. Magnesium is the central atom in chlorophyll.
This question belongs to: Science Biology

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Question #1
The term 'test cross' in genetics refers to a cross between an individual with:
A. Recessive phenotype and heterozygous
B. Dominant phenotype and homozygous recessive
C. Dominant phenotype and homozygous dominant
D. Two heterozygous individuals
Discuss

Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
A test cross is used to determine the genotype of an individual expressing a dominant phenotype by crossing it with a homozygous recessive individual. The resulting phenotypic ratios reveal whether the dominant individual is homozygous (all offspring dominant) or heterozygous (1:1 ratio). It is a valuable tool in genetic analysis.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #2
The organ of the human body that filters blood and forms urine is the:
A. Liver
B. Heart
C. Lung
D. Kidney
Discuss

Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Kidneys are bean-shaped organs that filter waste products, excess water, and electrolytes from the blood to form urine. The liver processes nutrients and toxins, the heart pumps blood, the lungs exchange gases.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #3
Gene therapy was first attempted to treat a patient with which genetic disorder?
A. Sickle cell anemia
B. Cystic fibrosis
C. Hemophilia
D. Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) deficiency
Discuss

Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Gene therapy involves correcting a genetic defect by introducing a functional gene into a patient's cells. The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-year-old girl with Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) deficiency, a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) caused by a mutation in the ADA gene. The functional ADA gene was introduced into her lymphocytes using a retroviral vector.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
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