The term 'test cross' in genetics refers to a cross between an individual with: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

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The term 'test cross' in genetics refers to a cross between an individual with:

A. Recessive phenotype and heterozygous

B. Dominant phenotype and homozygous recessive

C. Dominant phenotype and homozygous dominant

D. Two heterozygous individuals

Answer: Option B

Solution (By JKExamLibrary)

A test cross is used to determine the genotype of an individual expressing a dominant phenotype by crossing it with a homozygous recessive individual. The resulting phenotypic ratios reveal whether the dominant individual is homozygous (all offspring dominant) or heterozygous (1:1 ratio). It is a valuable tool in genetic analysis.

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Question #1

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Consider the following statements about DNA fingerprinting:
1. It uses VNTRs (variable number tandem repeats).
2. It can be used in paternity testing.
3. It requires amplification by PCR.
Which of the above is/are correct?

A. 1, 2, and 3

B. 1 and 3 only

C. 2 and 3 only

D. 1 and 2 only

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
DNA fingerprinting analyzes VNTRs, often amplified by PCR, and is used in forensics and paternity. All three are correct.

This question belongs to: Science Biology

Question #2

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The structure that prevents food from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing is the:

A. Pharynx

B. Tongue

C. Soft palate (uvula)

D. Epiglottis

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The soft palate, including the uvula, elevates during swallowing to close off the nasopharynx, preventing food from entering the nasal passages. The epiglottis closes the larynx, the tongue pushes food.

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Question #3

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Which class of antibody is the most abundant in human blood plasma?

A. IgG

B. IgM

C. IgE

D. IgA

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant antibody in human blood plasma, constituting about 75-80% of all antibodies. It is the only antibody that can cross the placenta, providing passive immunity to the fetus. IgG is crucial for long-term immunity, neutralizing toxins, viruses, and bacteria, and activating the complement system.

This question belongs to: Science Biology

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