Nucleus contains protons (positive) and neutrons (neutral), collectively nucleons. Electrons orbit nucleus. Atomic number Z = protons, mass number A = protons + neutrons. Isotopes differ in neutron number.
Explanation:
Distance covered in nth second: sₙ = u + a(2n-1)/2. With u=0, sₙ ∝ (2n-1). For n=1: 2(1)-1=1; n=2: 3; n=3:5. Thus ratio 1:3:5. This result holds for any uniformly accelerated motion starting from rest. The distances covered in successive equal time intervals follow odd number ratio. Memory aid: This is a standard result derivable from s = ut + ½at² by calculating s at t=n and t=n-1. Frequently appears in competitive exams testing equation of motion applications.
Explanation:
Newton's law: F = Gm₁m₂/r² ⇒ F ∝ 1/r². Inverse square law fundamental to gravitation, electrostatics, and radiation intensity. Memory aid: 'Gravity weakens with square of distance; double distance ⇒ force becomes 1/4'. Core concept frequently tested to verify understanding of fundamental force laws in competitive exams.
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