The pancreas functions as both an exocrine and endocrine gland. Which hormone is secreted by the islets of Langerhans?
A. Pepsin
B. Gastrin
C. Insulin
D. Bile
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
The endocrine part of the pancreas—the islets of Langerhans—contains β-cells that secrete insulin (lowers blood glucose), α-cells secrete glucagon (raises blood glucose), and δ-cells secrete somatostatin. Exocrine pancreas secretes digestive enzymes (trypsin, lipase, amylase). Pepsin is from stomach, bile from liver, gastrin from stomach. Insulin deficiency causes diabetes mellitus.
Explanation:
Vitamin A (retinal) combines with opsin to form rhodopsin, the visual pigment in rod cells for dim-light vision. Deficiency causes night blindness.
Explanation:
Diphtheria affects the throat, forming a pseudomembrane, and releases a toxin affecting the heart and nerves. Tetanus is Clostridium, pertussis Bordetella, typhoid Salmonella.
Explanation:
Iodine deficiency impairs thyroid hormone synthesis, leading to elevated TSH and enlargement of the thyroid gland (goiter). Iodized salt prevents it.
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