The phenomenon that explains the movement of water from roots to leaves against gravity is mainly: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Fats yield about 9 kcal/g of energy, more than double the 4 kcal/g provided by carbohydrates and proteins. Roughage (dietary fiber) adds bulk to the stool and stimulates peristalsis, preventing constipation. Water is an essential nutrient, crucial for hydration, solvent functions, and temperature regulation, though it provides no calories. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Explanation:
Vitamin C, chemically ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for collagen synthesis, wound healing, iron absorption, and antioxidant function. Its deficiency causes scurvy (bleeding gums, weakness). Vitamin A is retinol, B₁ is thiamine, D is calciferol. Vitamin C is abundant in citrus fruits, guava, amla. It is heat-labile and easily destroyed by cooking.

Explanation:
Riboflavin (vitamin B₂) is the precursor of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which are electron carriers in redox reactions. Thiamine is TPP, niacin NAD/NADP, pantothenic acid CoA.