The process by which bacteria acquire genes from the environment is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

The process by which bacteria acquire genes from the environment is:
A. Conjugation
B. Transformation
C. Transduction
D. Translation
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Transformation is the uptake of free DNA from the surroundings and its incorporation into the bacterial genome. Conjugation requires cell-to-cell contact via pilus, transduction involves bacteriophage, translation is protein synthesis.

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Practice More Biology Questions

Question #1
Assertion (A): Oxygen is required for aerobic respiration.
Reason (R): Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation.
B. A false, R true.
C. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.
D. A true, R false.

Correct Answer: Option A


Explanation:
In aerobic respiration, oxygen accepts electrons at the end of the ETC, forming water. Without it, the chain would halt. This directly explains why oxygen is required.

This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #2
The hormone that induces ovulation in females is:
A. Progesterone
B. Estrogen
C. FSH
D. LH

Correct Answer: Option D


Explanation:
A mid-cycle surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers the final maturation and release of the secondary oocyte from the Graafian follicle (ovulation). FSH stimulates follicle growth, estrogen proliferates uterine lining, progesterone maintains it.

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Question #3
Iodine deficiency primarily affects the function of which gland?
A. Pituitary
B. Adrenal
C. Pancreas
D. Thyroid

Correct Answer: Option D


Explanation:
Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones T₃ and T₄. Deficiency causes hypothyroidism and goiter (enlarged thyroid gland). Iodized salt is a preventive measure.

This question belongs to: Science Biology