The process of converting unsaturated hydrocarbons into saturated hydrocarbons by adding hydrogen is called: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

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The process of converting unsaturated hydrocarbons into saturated hydrocarbons by adding hydrogen is called:

A. Polymerization

B. Substitution

C. Halogenation

D. Hydrogenation

Answer: Option D

Solution (By JKExamLibrary)

Hydrogenation is the addition of hydrogen to unsaturated compounds (like alkenes or alkynes) in the presence of a catalyst (like Ni, Pd, or Pt) to form saturated compounds (alkanes). For example, ethene + H₂ → ethane. This process is widely used in the food industry to solidify vegetable oils.

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Question #1

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The element with atomic number 17 belongs to which group and period?

A. Group 7, Period 3

B. Group 17, Period 2

C. Group 17, Period 3

D. Group 7, Period 2

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The element with atomic number 17 is Chlorine. Its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 7. It has 3 shells, so it is in Period 3. It has 7 valence electrons, so it belongs to Group 17 (10 + 7 = 17 in modern IUPAC notation) along with fluorine, bromine, and iodine.

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Question #2

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The main component of single superphosphate is:

A. Both A and C

B. Ca(H2PO4)2

C. Ca3(PO4)2

D. CaSO4

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Single superphosphate (SSP) is manufactured by treating rock phosphate with sulfuric acid. The resulting product is a mixture of calcium dihydrogen phosphate (Ca(H2PO4)2), which is the actual fertilizer providing soluble phosphorus, and calcium sulfate (CaSO4, gypsum), which is an inactive filler.

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Question #3

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Assertion (A): The first ionization energy of Nitrogen is higher than that of Oxygen. Reason (R): Nitrogen has a half-filled p-orbital which is exceptionally stable.

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. A is false but R is true.

C. A is true but R is false.

D. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Nitrogen (1s2 2s2 2p3) has a exactly half-filled p-subshell, which confers extra stability due to symmetry and exchange energy. Oxygen (1s2 2s2 2p4) has one paired electron in the p-orbital, leading to electron-electron repulsion, making it easier to remove. Thus, N has a higher IE than O. Both are true and R explains A.

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