The scientist who proposed the 'mutation theory' of evolution was:
A. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
B. Charles Darwin
C. Hugo de Vries
D. Alfred Wallace
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Hugo de Vries proposed the mutation theory in 1901 based on his experiments with evening primrose (Oenothera lamarckiana), suggesting that new species arise suddenly through large mutations. Darwin proposed gradual natural selection, Lamarck use-disuse, Wallace independently natural selection.
Explanation:
Acetobacter aceti and related species oxidize ethanol to acetic acid (vinegar) in the presence of oxygen. This is an aerobic fermentation process. Lactobacillus produces lactic acid, Pseudomonas can spoil food, Bacillus includes various industrial strains. Vinegar is used as a condiment and preservative.
Explanation:
Residual volume (RV) is the air left in the lungs (about 1.2 L) after a forceful expiration. This prevents lung collapse and ensures continuous gas exchange between breaths. Tidal volume is normal breath volume, vital capacity is the maximum exhaled after maximum inhalation, and inspiratory reserve volume is the extra air that can be inhaled beyond tidal volume.
Explanation:
Rhinoceros unicornis is the binomial name of the Indian one-horned rhinoceros. Panthera uncia is the snow leopard, Elephas maximus the Asian elephant, Gavialis gangeticus the gharial. The genus Rhinoceros and species unicornis reflect its single horn. Binomial nomenclature ensures universal scientific recognition.
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