The genus of the bacteria used in the production of vinegar from alcohol is:
A. Bacillus
B. Lactobacillus
C. Acetobacter
D. Pseudomonas
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Acetobacter aceti and related species oxidize ethanol to acetic acid (vinegar) in the presence of oxygen. This is an aerobic fermentation process. Lactobacillus produces lactic acid, Pseudomonas can spoil food, Bacillus includes various industrial strains. Vinegar is used as a condiment and preservative.
Explanation:
August Weismann proposed the germ plasm theory, stating that only changes in germ cells (sperm/egg) are inherited, not somatic changes. He cut off tails of mice for many generations but offspring had normal tails, disproving inheritance of acquired characters.
Explanation:
Functional residual capacity (FRC) is the volume of air in the lungs at the end of a normal expiration (ERV + RV). It prevents alveolar collapse and buffers gas concentrations. Vital capacity is max exhaled after max inhalation, total lung capacity is max air lungs can hold, inspiratory capacity is max inhaled after normal exhalation.
Explanation:
Zinc is required for the synthesis, storage (as hexamers), and secretion of insulin in pancreatic beta cells. It also acts as a cofactor for numerous enzymes like carbonic anhydrase and DNA polymerases. Calcium is for bones/signaling, magnesium for ATP and chlorophyll, sodium for nerve impulses.
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