The technique of producing genetically identical individuals from a single cell is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

The technique of producing genetically identical individuals from a single cell is:
A. Hybridization
B. Cloning
C. Cross breeding
D. Mutation breeding
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Cloning produces genetically identical copies of an organism or cell. In animals, somatic cell nuclear transfer (like Dolly the sheep) is used. Plant cloning occurs via vegetative propagation or tissue culture. Hybridization combines different genomes; mutation breeding induces mutations; cross breeding involves mating. Cloning has applications in therapeutics, conservation, and agriculture.

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Question #1
The enzyme that converts glucose to ethanol in yeast fermentation is:
A. Urease
B. Pepsin
C. Invertase
D. Zymase

Correct Answer: Option D


Explanation:
Zymase is the enzyme complex in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that catalyzes the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to ethanol and CO₂ (alcoholic fermentation). Invertase hydrolyzes sucrose to glucose and fructose. Urease acts on urea. Pepsin is a protease. Fermentation is used in baking and brewing industries. The overall equation: C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂.

This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #2
The scientist who demonstrated that DNA replication is semi-conservative was:
A. Chargaff
B. Meselson and Stahl
C. Watson and Crick
D. Hershey and Chase

Correct Answer: Option B


Explanation:
Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl, in 1958, used density gradient centrifugation of E. coli grown in N¹⁵ medium to prove that DNA replication is semi-conservative: each new DNA molecule consists of one old and one new strand. Watson and Crick proposed the double helix, Hershey-Chase confirmed DNA as genetic material, Chargaff formulated base pair rules.

This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #3
The central nervous system consists of:
A. Brain and spinal cord
B. Brain and sense organs
C. Spinal cord and sympathetic nerves
D. Brain and cranial nerves

Correct Answer: Option A


Explanation:
CNS = brain + spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes cranial and spinal nerves. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions.

This question belongs to: Science Biology