Motor converts electrical to mechanical energy using force on a current-carrying conductor in magnetic field (F = BIL). Electromagnetic induction is for generator. Motor principle: A current-carrying coil experiences torque in magnetic field.
Explanation:
Photovoltaic cell (solar cell) directly converts sunlight to electricity. Solar heater uses sun to heat water, not electricity. Wind turbine converts wind energy. Battery stores chemical energy.
Explanation:
Escape velocity v_e = √(2GM/R), where M is planet mass, R its radius. Thus v_e depends on both M and R. It is independent of the escaping body's mass (as gravitational and inertial mass cancel). Memory tip: 'v_e ∝ √(M/R); larger M or smaller R ⇒ higher escape velocity'. This gravitation formula application is frequently tested in competitive exams. Always recall that escape velocity is a property of the planet, not the projectile. This problem assesses understanding of gravitational potential energy concepts.
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