Optical fibers: TIR confines light in core. Diamonds: high n gives small θ_c, causing multiple TIRs for sparkle. Memory aid: 'TIR applications: fibers (communication), diamonds (optics)'. Optics application frequently tested in competitive exams.
Explanation:
For spherical mirrors, R = 2f. So R = 2 × 15 = 30 cm. Sign convention: for concave mirror, f and R are negative by Cartesian convention, but magnitude 30 cm. So 30 cm is correct.
Explanation:
Ohm's law V=IR is linear relationship, valid for ohmic materials like metals at constant temperature. Non-ohmic do not follow linear I-V. Semiconductors are non-ohmic.
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