Explanation:
V_s/V_p = N_s/N_p ⇒ V_s = 100×(5/1) = 500V. Step-up transformer increases voltage. Memory aid: 'Turns ratio = voltage ratio; current ratio inverse'. Direct transformer formula application frequently tested in competitive exams with ratio calculations.
Explanation:
Endoscopes consist of bundles of flexible optical fibers. Light introduced at one end is trapped inside the fiber core because it repeatedly strikes the boundary at an angle greater than the critical angle. This Total Internal Reflection allows light and visual images to be transmitted through complex, curving paths inside the body.
A stone is dropped from a tower. The distance covered by it in the last second of its fall is equal to the distance covered in the first three seconds. The height of the tower is approximately: (g = 10 m/s²)
Explanation:
Distance in first 3 seconds: s₃ = ½gt² = ½×10×9 = 45 m. Let total time be n seconds. Distance in nth second: sₙ = u + g(2n-1)/2 = 0 + 5(2n-1) = 10n - 5. Given sₙ = 45 m ⇒ 10n - 5 = 45 ⇒ n = 5 s. Total height h = ½gn² = ½×10×25 = 125 m. This problem combines equation of motion with logical reasoning about time intervals. Exam tip: For free fall from rest, distance in nth second = 5(2n-1) meters when g=10 m/s². Such numerical problems test application skills in competitive exams.
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