Vulcanization is the process of heating natural rubber with sulphur (usually at 100-140°C) to improve its properties. Sulphur forms cross-links (disulfide bridges) between the polymer chains, making the rubber harder, more elastic, and less sensitive to temperature changes.
Explanation:
When exposed to sunlight, silver chloride (AgCl) undergoes photolytic decomposition to form silver metal (which is grey) and chlorine gas. The equation is 2AgCl(s) + sunlight → 2Ag(s) + Cl₂(g). Both statements are correct, and the decomposition reaction perfectly explains the color change observed.
Explanation:
Oleum, also known as fuming sulfuric acid, is a solution of sulfur trioxide (SO3) in concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Its chemical formula is often represented as H2S2O7 (disulfuric acid or pyrosulfuric acid), which is essentially H2SO4 + SO3. It is an intermediate in the Contact process.
Explanation:
Nitrification is a two-step aerobic process in the nitrogen cycle. First, ammonia (NH3) is oxidized to nitrites (NO2-) by bacteria like Nitrosomonas and Nitrosococcus. In the second step, nitrites are oxidized to nitrates (NO3-) by Nitrobacter. Rhizobium fixes nitrogen, and Azotobacter is a free-living nitrogen fixer.
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