Which gas law is expressed by P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂ for a fixed mass of gas? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Steel is an alloy of iron with controlled amounts of carbon (0.02-2.1%) and often other elements like manganese, chromium, nickel, etc. Cast iron contains 2-4% carbon. In steelmaking (Bessemer, LD process), impurities like excess carbon, silicon, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus are oxidized and removed, then desired carbon and alloying elements are added to achieve specific properties.

Explanation:
Boyle's law: P ∝ 1/V at constant temperature and for a fixed mass (number of moles) of gas. If T or n changes, the simple inverse relationship does not hold.

Explanation:
J.J. Thomson discovered the electron in 1897 through his experiments with cathode ray tubes. He demonstrated that cathode rays were composed of previously unknown negatively charged particles, which were later named electrons. This discovery proved that atoms were not indivisible and led to his 'plum pudding' model.