Which gas will diffuse fastest under identical conditions?
A. NH₃
B. N₂
C. CO₂
D. O₂
Answer: Option A
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Rate of diffusion is inversely proportional to the square root of molar mass (Graham's law). Lighter gases diffuse faster. Molar masses: NH₃ = 17, N₂ = 28, O₂ = 32, CO₂ = 44 g/mol. Therefore NH₃ has the lowest molar mass and diffuses fastest. This law also explains why the smell of perfume spreads quickly. NH₃ is lighter than air and would rise.
Explanation:
In diamond, each carbon atom is sp³ hybridized and forms four strong covalent bonds, utilizing all four valence electrons. No free electrons are available for conduction. Graphite has free delocalized electrons per carbon, making it a conductor.
Explanation:
Calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) ions react with soap anions to form insoluble precipitates (scum), preventing lather. Sodium and potassium soaps are soluble and lather well. So detergents are preferred in hard water because their calcium/magnesium salts are soluble. Hardness is measured in terms of CaCO₃ equivalent.
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