Which mineral is required for the formation of hemoglobin? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
The Bohr effect describes how an increase in the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) or a decrease in pH (increase in H+ concentration) reduces hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, shifting the oxygen dissociation curve to the right. This facilitates the unloading of oxygen in metabolically active tissues where CO2 and acid levels are high. The reverse occurs in the lungs, enhancing oxygen loading.

Explanation:
The small intestine, especially the jejunum and ileum, is the major site for absorption of nutrients due to its large surface area from villi and microvilli. Stomach absorbs some water, alcohol, and drugs. Large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes. Esophagus is a conduit. The small intestine receives bile and pancreatic juice for digestion.

Explanation:
GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide), released by the small intestine, inhibits gastric acid secretion and motility, and stimulates insulin release. Gastrin stimulates acid secretion, secretin stimulates bicarbonate, CCK stimulates gall bladder contraction. GIP was originally named for its gastric inhibitory effect.