Which of the following detergents is non-biodegradable?
A. Soap
B. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS)
C. Sodium lauryl sulfate
D. Branched alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS)
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Detergents with branched hydrocarbon chains (ABS) resist bacterial degradation and persist in water bodies causing foam and pollution. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) are biodegradable and preferred. Soap is biodegradable but forms scum with hard water. Sodium lauryl sulfate is used in shampoos and is biodegradable. Environmental regulations now mandate the use of linear chain detergents.
Explanation:
pH difference = 3 units. Since pH is logarithmic (base 10), [H⁺] ratio = 10³ = 1000. So pH 2 solution has 1000 times greater H⁺ concentration, making it 1000 times more acidic.
Explanation:
Cinnabar is HgS, the chief ore of mercury. Bauxite (Al), galena (Pb), magnetite (Fe). Mercury is extracted by roasting cinnabar in air: HgS + O₂ → Hg + SO₂.
Explanation:
In NO₂, each oxygen has valency 2; with two oxygens, total combining capacity = 4. Thus nitrogen's covalency is 4. The structure involves a coordinate bond. Oxidation state of N is +4. Valency is number of bonds formed: N forms two single bonds and one coordinate bond with O, total 4 bonds. In NO, valency is 2.
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