Which of the following is an example of a synthetic detergent?
A. Sodium stearate
B. Sodium lauryl sulfate
C. Calcium oleate
D. Potassium palmitate
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Sodium lauryl sulfate (CH₃(CH₂)₁₁OSO₃Na) is a synthetic detergent with a sulfate group. Sodium stearate and potassium palmitate are soaps (carboxylate salts). Calcium oleate is soap scum.
Explanation:
Isoelectronic species have the same total number of electrons. Carbon monoxide (CO) has 6 (from C) + 8 (from O) = 14 electrons. Nitrogen molecule (N2) has 7 + 7 = 14 electrons. Therefore, N2 is isoelectronic with CO. O2 has 16, CO2 has 22, and NO has 15 electrons.
Explanation:
In electrolytic refining, impure copper is the anode, pure copper is the cathode, and CuSO₄ acidified with H₂SO₄ is the electrolyte. Copper dissolves from anode and pure copper deposits on cathode. Smelting is reduction with coke.
Explanation:
Detergents do not form scum with Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺, so they clean effectively in hard water. Soaps form insoluble precipitates. Biodegradability varies; some detergents are non-biodegradable.
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