Which of the following metals does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid?
A. Copper
B. Zinc
C. Magnesium
D. Iron
Answer: Option A
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Copper is placed below hydrogen in the reactivity series, meaning it cannot displace hydrogen from dilute acids. Therefore, it does not react with dilute HCl. Mg, Fe, and Zn are above hydrogen in the series and react to release H₂ gas, forming their respective chlorides.
Explanation:
Washing soda (Na₂CO₃) reacts with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions in hard water to form insoluble carbonates: Ca²⁺ + Na₂CO₃ → CaCO₃↓ + 2Na⁺. Similarly MgCO₃. These precipitates are removed, softening the water. Ion exchange uses zeolites or resins. Boiling removes only temporary hardness. Distillation is expensive.
Explanation:
Haber process synthesizes ammonia using iron catalyst. Solvay process for soda ash uses no solid catalyst but involves reactions with CO₂ and ammonia. Bayer's process for alumina uses NaOH, no catalyst. Hall-Héroult process is electrolytic for aluminium. Catalysis is key in many industrial processes: Contact (V₂O₅), Ostwald (Pt), hydrogenation (Ni).
Explanation:
Ethane (C₂H₆) is an alkane with single bonds, thus saturated. Ethene (C₂H₄) is an alkene (double bond), propyne (C₃H₄) is an alkyne (triple bond), benzene (C₆H₆) has delocalized π electrons—all unsaturated. Saturated compounds contain only C-C single bonds and maximum possible hydrogen. They undergo substitution reactions.
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