Which of the following rays has the highest penetrating power? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Sodium acetate (CH₃COONa) is a salt of weak acid (acetic acid) and strong base (NaOH). It hydrolyzes to produce OH⁻ ions: CH₃COO⁻ + H₂O ⇌ CH₃COOH + OH⁻, making the solution basic. NaCl (strong acid-strong base) neutral. NH₄Cl (strong acid-weak base) acidic. NaNO₃ neutral. Basic salts turn red litmus blue.

Explanation:
Oxidation is defined as the loss of electrons (or an increase in oxidation state). A reducing agent is a substance that donates electrons to another species, thereby causing the other species to be reduced. In doing so, the reducing agent itself gets oxidized. Thus, statement 1 is correct, but 2 is incorrect.

Explanation:
Bakelite is a thermosetting plastic (phenol-formaldehyde resin). Once set, it cannot be remolded by heating because its polymer chains are cross-linked. Polyethylene, PVC, and nylon are thermoplastics—they can be repeatedly softened by heat and hardened on cooling. Thermosetting plastics are used for electrical switches, handles, and adhesives. Vulcanized rubber is also thermoset.