Which of the following statements is perfectly true regarding uniform circular motion? MCQ with Answer and Explanation
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Question #1
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The energy of electron in ground state of hydrogen is -13.6 eV. Ionization energy is
Question #2
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If the intensity of a sound is mathematically increased by a factor of 100, its loudness level in decibels (dB) increases strictly by:
Correct Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The loudness level in decibels is calculated as L = 10 * log10(I / I0). If intensity I becomes 100I, the new level L' = 10 * log10(100I / I0) = 10 * [log10(100) + log10(I / I0)] = 10 * [2 + L/10] = 20 + L. Therefore, the loudness explicitly increases by 20 dB.
The loudness level in decibels is calculated as L = 10 * log10(I / I0). If intensity I becomes 100I, the new level L' = 10 * log10(100I / I0) = 10 * [log10(100) + log10(I / I0)] = 10 * [2 + L/10] = 20 + L. Therefore, the loudness explicitly increases by 20 dB.
Question #3
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The phenomenon of diffraction limits the resolving power of optical instruments because:
Correct Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Diffraction causes light waves to spread when passing through apertures or around obstacles, creating Airy patterns instead of point images. This fundamental wave effect limits the minimum resolvable detail (Rayleigh criterion: θ_min ≈ 1.22λ/D). Options B, C, D are practical limitations but not the fundamental diffraction limit. Memory tip: 'Diffraction limit: smaller λ or larger aperture ⇒ better resolution'. This wave optics concept is frequently tested in competitive exams. Always distinguish fundamental limits (diffraction) from technical limitations (aberrations, turbulence) in instrument performance.
Diffraction causes light waves to spread when passing through apertures or around obstacles, creating Airy patterns instead of point images. This fundamental wave effect limits the minimum resolvable detail (Rayleigh criterion: θ_min ≈ 1.22λ/D). Options B, C, D are practical limitations but not the fundamental diffraction limit. Memory tip: 'Diffraction limit: smaller λ or larger aperture ⇒ better resolution'. This wave optics concept is frequently tested in competitive exams. Always distinguish fundamental limits (diffraction) from technical limitations (aberrations, turbulence) in instrument performance.
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