Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell'? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question
Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell'?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Ribosome
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Mitochondria produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation in the inner membrane. They are double-membrane organelles with their own DNA (mtDNA) and 70S ribosomes, supporting the endosymbiotic theory. The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. Nucleus controls cell activities, ribosomes synthesize proteins, Golgi apparatus packages and modifies proteins. Mitochondria are abundant in energy-demanding cells like muscle cells.
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Question #1
Consider statements about human nutrition: 1. Carbohydrates are the primary energy source. 2. Proteins are made of fatty acids. 3. Vitamins are required in large quantities. Which are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. 2 and 3 only
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Carbohydrates are the main and most readily available source of energy for cellular processes. Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, not fatty acids, which are components of lipids. Vitamins are micronutrients required in very small (trace) quantities for normal metabolism, unlike macronutrients. Therefore, only statement 1 is correct.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #2
Which of the following is a high-yielding exotic breed of cattle used in dairy farming?
A. Red Sindhi
B. Sahiwal
C. Gir
D. Holstein-Friesian
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Holstein-Friesian (often just called Holstein) is a high-yielding exotic breed of dairy cattle originating from the Netherlands. They are known for their high milk production, although the milk has a lower fat content compared to some indigenous breeds. Sahiwal, Gir, and Red Sindhi are important indigenous (Indian) cattle breeds known for their disease resistance and heat tolerance.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #3
The condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure damaging the optic nerve is:
A. Cataract
B. Conjunctivitis
C. Retinal detachment
D. Glaucoma
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that result in damage to the optic nerve, often associated with elevated intraocular pressure. It can lead to permanent vision loss if untreated. Cataract is lens clouding, conjunctivitis inflammation of the conjunctiva, retinal detachment is separation of the retina.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
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