Who is known as the 'Father of Botany'? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Mature plant cells contain a large central vacuole that stores water, ions, pigments, and waste products, and is critical for maintaining turgor pressure against the cell wall, providing structural support. The vacuole can occupy up to 90% of cell volume. The reason correctly explains the function of the vacuole, so both statements are true and linked.

Explanation:
Gibberellins stimulate the synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes (e.g., amylase) that mobilize stored food reserves, promoting germination. Abscisic acid induces and maintains dormancy. Ethylene promotes ripening, auxin cell elongation.

Explanation:
In 1952, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase conducted the famous blender experiment to confirm that DNA is the genetic material of the T2 bacteriophage. They used radioactive sulfur (35S) to label the protein coat (capsid) of the phage, as sulfur is present in amino acids (methionine, cysteine) but not in DNA. They used radioactive phosphorus (32P) to label the DNA, as phosphorus is in the DNA backbone but not in proteins. After infection and blending, they found that only 32P (DNA) entered the bacterial cell to produce new phages, proving DNA is the genetic material.