Explanation:
Reverse osmosis uses a semipermeable membrane to reject dissolved salts and impurities. Filtration removes solids; chlorination/ozonation disinfect but do not remove salts.
Explanation:
Nickel (finely divided) is used as a catalyst in the hydrogenation of unsaturated vegetable oils to saturated fats (vanaspati ghee). The reaction adds H₂ across double bonds. Platinum and palladium are also hydrogenation catalysts but nickel is cheaper and industrially preferred. Fe is used in Haber process for ammonia synthesis, V₂O₅ in contact process for H₂SO₄. Catalysts provide an alternative pathway with lower activation energy.
Explanation:
Washing soda (sodium carbonate, Na₂CO₃) is used to remove permanent hardness of water. It reacts with soluble calcium and magnesium chlorides/sulfates to form insoluble carbonates, which can be filtered out. Baking soda, bleaching powder, and plaster of Paris do not have this water-softening capability.
No comments yet. Be the first to start the discussion!