Explanation:
Buoyant force = weight of displaced fluid = ρ_fluid × V_displaced × g. Independent of depth (if fluid incompressible) and object's density, though object density determines if it floats. Shape affects volume displaced when floating.
Explanation:
Equipotential: ΔV = 0 ⇒ W = qΔV = 0. Electric field perpendicular to equipotentials. Memory aid: 'Equipotential: no work to move charge along it'. Electrostatics concept frequently tested in competitive exams.
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