Spherical mirrors: f = R/2 under paraxial approximation. Derived from geometry of reflection. Memory tip: 'Mirror: f = R/2; sign: concave +, convex -'. Optics formula frequently tested in competitive exams.
Explanation:
Archimedes' principle: buoyant force = weight of displaced fluid. Law of floatation: floating body displaces fluid equal to its own weight. Archimedes discovered it. Pascal gave pressure law.
Explanation:
Binding energy per nucleon peaks around iron-56 (≈8.8 MeV/nucleon), making it the most stable nucleus. Lighter nuclei release energy via fusion; heavier via fission. Hydrogen has near-zero binding energy per nucleon; uranium ≈7.6 MeV/nucleon. Memory aid: 'Iron peak: most stable nucleus; fusion before, fission after'. This nuclear physics concept is frequently tested in competitive exams. Always link binding energy curve to energy release in stars (fusion) and reactors (fission).
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