Bohr proposed that electrons revolve in certain allowed orbits with fixed energy, and they can jump between orbits by absorbing/emitting quanta of energy. This explained hydrogen spectrum. Electron cloud is quantum mechanical model; wave nature by de Broglie; uncertainty by Heisenberg.
Explanation:
Natural soap molecules have straight-chain fatty acid salts that are easily broken down by microorganisms through β-oxidation. This makes them biodegradable. Some synthetic detergents with branched chains are non-biodegradable and cause pollution. Linearity allows enzymes to act. Aromatic and fluorinated compounds resist biodegradation.
Explanation:
Incomplete combustion due to insufficient oxygen produces carbon monoxide (CO) and/or soot (C). Complete combustion gives CO₂ and H₂O. CO is poisonous, binds to hemoglobin.
Explanation:
Soap molecules have a hydrophilic ionic head (COO⁻Na⁺) and a long hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail. In water, the tails aggregate away from water, forming a spherical micelle with heads outward. The hydrophobic core dissolves oily dirt, which is then washed away. This structure is stabilized by ion-dipole interactions. Detergents work similarly but with different head groups.
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