Petroleum (crude oil) is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons including alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatics, and smaller amounts of other compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen. It is separated into fractions by fractional distillation.
Explanation:
Naphthalene sublimes on heating, directly changing to vapor, while sand remains. The naphthalene vapor can be condensed on a cold surface. This technique works for any mixture where one component sublimes (naphthalene, camphor, NH₄Cl). Filtration works for insoluble solids in liquids. Magnetic separation for magnetic ores. Distillation for liquid mixtures.
Explanation:
Silk is a natural protein fiber obtained from silkworm cocoons. Nylon, polyester, acrylic are synthetic polymers derived from petrochemicals.
Explanation:
In a double displacement reaction, ions of two compounds exchange places to form two new compounds. Here, Ba²⁺ and Na⁺ exchange their anions (Cl⁻ and SO₄²⁻) to form BaSO₄ (a white precipitate) and NaCl. This is also a precipitation reaction due to the formation of insoluble barium sulfate.
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