Statements:
1. No dog is a cat.
2. All cats are lions.
Conclusions:
I. No dog is a lion.
II. Some lions are not dogs.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
Explanation:
All cats are lions, and no dog is a cat. This means dogs cannot enter the 'cat' portion of the 'lion' circle. Therefore, those lions which are cats are definitely not dogs (Conclusion II). However, dogs could still overlap with the non-cat portion of lions, so Conclusion I does not follow.
Statement: The Bank of England's move to auction 25 metric tons of gold drew plenty of bidders looking for a bargain, but was criticized by major gold producers worldwide.
Conclusions:
I. The Bank of England should not auction gold which it possesses to keep steady international prices of gold.
II. Bidders should quote higher gold prices to retain present value of gold in the international markets.
Explanation:
Neither conclusion follows. The statement merely reports the auction and the criticism; it does not logically lead to a 'should' statement about whether the auction should happen (I). Similarly, advice to bidders (II) is not a logical conclusion from the given information.
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