The atomic radius of sodium is larger than that of chlorine because:
A. Sodium is a metal
B. Chlorine is a gas
C. Sodium has fewer electrons
D. Chlorine has greater nuclear charge attracting electrons more strongly
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Across period 3, nuclear charge increases (Na: 11+, Cl: 17+) while electrons are added to the same shell. The increased attraction pulls electrons closer, decreasing radius. Na has larger radius despite having fewer electrons.
Explanation:
Robert Millikan, along with Harvey Fletcher, performed the famous oil drop experiment in 1909. By observing the motion of tiny charged oil droplets in an electric field, Millikan accurately determined the elementary charge of a single electron to be approximately 1.592 × 10^-19 coulombs (later refined to 1.602 × 10^-19 C).
Explanation:
Ionic (electrovalent) bond is formed by complete transfer of one or more valence electrons from a metal (low ionization energy) to a non-metal (high electron affinity), resulting in oppositely charged ions held by electrostatic forces. Example: Na → Na⁺ + e⁻; Cl + e⁻ → Cl⁻; Na⁺Cl⁻. Covalent bond involves sharing. Coordinate bond involves donation.
Explanation:
Water decomposes as 2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂. So 2 volumes of H₂ for every 1 volume of O₂, ratio 2:1. Hydrogen collected at cathode, oxygen at anode.
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