Ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH) and dimethyl ether (CH₃OCH₃) have the same molecular formula C₂H₆O but different functional groups: alcohol (-OH) vs ether (-O-). This is functional group isomerism. Ethanal is C₂H₄O, acetic acid C₂H₄O₂. Methoxymethane is another name for dimethyl ether. Functional isomers exhibit different chemical properties; ethanol reacts with Na, ether does not.
Explanation:
Urea, CO(NH₂)₂, molar mass = 60 g/mol. Mass of N = 2×14 = 28 g. Percentage N = (28/60) × 100 ≈ 46.67%, commonly rounded to 46%. It has the highest nitrogen content among solid fertilizers, making it economical. DAP (diammonium phosphate) has 18% N and 46% P₂O₅. Ammonium nitrate has 33% N. Urea is converted to ammonia and carbon dioxide by soil urease enzyme.
Explanation:
Soap (sodium carboxylate) reacts with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions present in hard water to form an insoluble precipitate known as scum. This reduces lathering and wastage of soap. Synthetic detergents do not form scum because their calcium/magnesium salts are soluble.
Explanation:
J.J. Thomson discovered the electron in 1897 using cathode ray tubes and determined its e/m ratio. Rutherford discovered the nucleus; Chadwick discovered neutron; Bohr proposed quantized model.
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