The 'Hormone Motilin' is secreted by the M cells of the duodenum and jejunum. Its primary function is to: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

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The 'Hormone Motilin' is secreted by the M cells of the duodenum and jejunum. Its primary function is to:

A. Inhibit gastric emptying

B. Inhibit pancreatic enzyme secretion

C. Stimulate insulin release

D. Stimulate gastric emptying and initiate the migrating motor complex (MMC) in the interdigestive state

Answer: Option D

Solution (By JKExamLibrary)

Motilin is a peptide hormone secreted by the Mo cells (or M cells) in the crypts of the duodenum and jejunum. Its secretion occurs in cycles during the fasting (interdigestive) state. Its primary function is to stimulate gastric motility and emptying, and to initiate and regulate the Migrating Motor Complex (MMC). The MMC is a pattern of electromechanical activity observed in the gastrointestinal tract during fasting, characterized by waves of contraction that sweep undigested material, bacteria, and sloughed cells from the stomach and small intestine towards the colon, acting as a 'housekeeper'.

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The technique used to separate proteins based on their isoelectric point is:

A. SDS-PAGE

B. Isoelectric focusing

C. PCR

D. Western blotting

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Isoelectric focusing (IEF) separates proteins in a pH gradient according to their isoelectric point (pI), the pH at which a protein has no net charge and stops migrating. SDS-PAGE separates by size, Western blotting detects specific proteins after separation, PCR amplifies DNA. IEF is often used in 2D gel electrophoresis.

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Question #2

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The enzyme that catalyzes the removal of the RNA primer during DNA replication is:

A. Ligase

B. DNA polymerase III

C. DNA polymerase I

D. Helicase

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
DNA polymerase I has 5' to 3' exonuclease activity to remove RNA primers and fill gaps with DNA. In eukaryotes, RNase H removes primers.

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Question #3

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A mutation that involves the change of a single nucleotide base in the DNA sequence is called a:

A. Point mutation

B. Chromosomal deletion

C. Frameshift mutation

D. Inversion

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
A point mutation is a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted, or deleted from a sequence of DNA or RNA. The classic example is sickle cell anemia, caused by a single point mutation in the beta-globin gene, where adenine is replaced by thymine, changing the amino acid from glutamic acid to valine.

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