The internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on:
A. Both pressure and volume
B. Volume
C. Temperature
D. Pressure
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
For an ideal gas, internal energy U depends solely on temperature (U = f/2 nRT, where f is degrees of freedom). This follows from kinetic theory: no intermolecular forces, so energy is purely kinetic, proportional to T. Pressure and volume can change at constant T (isothermal process) without changing U. Memory tip: 'Ideal gas: U = U(T) only; real gases have volume dependence'. This thermodynamics concept is frequently tested in competitive exams. Always distinguish ideal vs real gas behavior; competitive exams typically assume ideal gas unless specified.
Torricelli's Law states that the velocity of efflux of a fluid through a sharp-edged hole at the bottom of a tank filled to a depth 'h' is identical to:
A.The terminal velocity of the fluid.
B.The velocity of a sound wave in that fluid.
C.The velocity acquired by a freely falling body dropped from height 'h'.
Explanation:
Torricelli's Law is a direct application of Bernoulli's principle. It proves mathematically that the velocity of fluid exiting a small hole (efflux velocity v) is v = sqrt(2gh). This is exactly the same velocity a solid body would acquire if it fell freely under gravity from rest over the same vertical height 'h'.
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