The process by which white blood cells engulf pathogens is called:
A. Phagocytosis
B. Exocytosis
C. Pinocytosis
D. Dialysis
Answer: Option A
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Phagocytosis ('cell eating') is the process by which cells like macrophages and neutrophils engulf solid particles, including pathogens, by extending pseudopodia to form a phagosome, which fuses with lysosomes for degradation. Pinocytosis is 'cell drinking', uptake of fluid. Exocytosis is secretion. Dialysis is artificial separation. Phagocytosis is a key innate immune defense.
Explanation:
Secondary consumers are carnivores or omnivores that eat primary consumers (herbivores). Example: frog eating grasshopper. Producers are autotrophs, primary consumers are herbivores, decomposers break down dead matter. Trophic levels represent energy transfer steps. Energy decreases at each higher level.
Explanation:
Iron (Fe²⁺) is the central atom of heme in hemoglobin and myoglobin, essential for oxygen transport. Deficiency leads to microcytic hypochromic anemia. Good sources: liver, meat, leafy greens.
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