The process of conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates by microorganisms is called: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question
The process of conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates by microorganisms is called:
A. Denitrification
B. Nitrogen fixation
C. Ammonification
D. Nitrification
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Nitrogen fixation is the process by which atmospheric N₂ is reduced to ammonia, which is then converted into nitrates that plants can absorb. This can be biological (by bacteria like Rhizobium, Azotobacter), physical (lightning), or industrial (Haber-Bosch process). Nitrification is the oxidation of ammonia to nitrates. Ammonification releases ammonia from organic matter. Denitrification converts nitrates back to N₂.
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Question #1
Which of the following statements about evolution is correct?
A. Homologous organs have different basic structures.
B. Fossils show that life forms have changed over time.
C. Darwin’s theory is based on inheritance of acquired characters.
D. Natural selection always leads to new species formation.
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Fossils provide a record of past life, showing changes. Homologous organs share common anatomy, Darwin proposed natural selection, Lamarck inheritance of acquired characters, natural selection can but not always lead to speciation.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #2
The 'Urey-Miller experiment' simulated the conditions of early Earth to demonstrate the synthesis of:
A. Amino acids
B. Lipids
C. Proteins
D. DNA
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Stanley Miller and Harold Urey (1953) simulated primitive Earth conditions by mixing methane, ammonia, hydrogen, and water vapor and providing electric discharge (simulating lightning). They obtained amino acids (glycine, alanine, etc.), supporting the chemical origin of life hypothesis. It didn't produce proteins, DNA, or lipids directly. This experiment was crucial for abiogenesis theories.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #3
In a eukaryotic cell, the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis is the:
A. Nucleolus
B. Golgi body
C. Cytoplasm
D. Mitochondria
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The nucleolus is a dense spherical structure within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is transcribed and ribosomal subunits are assembled. They then exit to the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is the site of translation. Mitochondria have their own 70S ribosomes but their rRNA is synthesized within the organelle. Golgi modifies proteins.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
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