The vitamin that is essential for the carboxylation of glutamate residues in clotting factors is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
The Competitive Exclusion Principle, formulated by G.F. Gause based on his experiments with Paramecium, states that two species with identical ecological niches (competing for the exact same limited resources) cannot coexist indefinitely in the same habitat. One species will inevitably have a slight reproductive advantage and will outcompete the other, leading to the local extinction or evolutionary shift (resource partitioning) of the inferior competitor.

Explanation:
Diastole is the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle, during which the ventricles fill with blood from the atria. Systole is the contraction phase, pumping blood out. Atrial contraction (atrial systole) contributes to ventricular filling. Ejection phase is part of ventricular systole when blood is ejected. Normal diastolic and systolic pressures are 80 and 120 mmHg respectively.

Explanation:
Peptide bond formation is a condensation (dehydration synthesis) reaction where the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group of another, releasing a water molecule. Hydrolysis breaks bonds by adding water. Oxidation/reduction involve electron transfer. Dehydration synthesis builds polymers.