The work done by the gravitational force when a body is moved horizontally on Earth's surface is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Diffraction (bending of waves around obstacles) is a characteristic wave phenomenon, explained by Huygens' principle and wave superposition. It demonstrates light's wave nature, as particles would travel in straight lines. Particle nature is shown by photoelectric effect; dual nature combines both. Memory aid: 'Diffraction/interference ⇒ wave nature; photoelectric effect ⇒ particle nature'. This conceptual question tests wave-particle duality fundamentals, frequently examined in competitive exams. Always link specific phenomena to the aspect of light they demonstrate; competitive exams often combine both aspects in advanced questions requiring nuanced understanding.

Explanation:
The distance covered in the nth second is Sn = u + a/2 * (2n - 1). For n=2: 12 = u + a/2 * (3) => 2u + 3a = 24. For n=4: 20 = u + a/2 * (7) => 2u + 7a = 40. Subtracting equations: 4a = 16 => a = 4 m/s^2. Substitute 'a' back: 2u + 3(4) = 24 => 2u = 12 => u = 6 m/s.

Explanation:
Joule's law states that heat produced H = I²Rt, where I is current, R resistance, t time. This quantifies electrical energy converted to thermal energy in resistors. Ohm's law relates V, I, R; Faraday's and Lenz's laws concern electromagnetic induction. Memory aid: 'Joule heating ∝ I²R'. This definition-based question tests knowledge of fundamental laws in electricity, commonly examined in competitive exams. Applications include electric heaters, fuses, and incandescent bulbs. Always distinguish Joule's law (heating) from power formulas (P=VI=I²R=V²/R).