Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) is known as the 'King of Chemicals' because of its extensive use in various industries, including fertilizers, dyes, detergents, and petroleum refining. Its production is often considered an indicator of a country's industrial strength and economic development.
Explanation:
Graham's law: Rate of diffusion/effusion ∝ 1/√M, where M is molar mass. Lighter gases diffuse faster. At same T and P, rates of two gases r₁/r₂ = √(M₂/M₁). Example: NH₃ (17 g/mol) diffuses faster than HCl (36.5 g/mol). This law is used in isotope separation (e.g., ²³⁵UF₆ vs ²³⁸UF₆). The law assumes no intermolecular forces and identical conditions.
Explanation:
CFCs release chlorine atoms under UV radiation in the stratosphere, which catalytically destroy ozone molecules. CO causes smog and is poisonous, SO₂ causes acid rain, ammonia is not a major ozone depleter. The Montreal Protocol phased out CFCs to protect the ozone layer.
Explanation:
Neutralization: Acid + Base → Salt + Water. Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O. It is a double displacement reaction. The pH of the resulting solution may be neutral, acidic, or basic depending on the strengths of the acid and base.
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