Silicon is a metalloid, possessing properties intermediate between metals and non-metals. It has a metallic luster but is brittle and a semiconductor. Other metalloids include boron, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium. Sodium and calcium are metals (good conductors, malleable). Chlorine is a non-metal (gas, poor conductor). Metalloids are found along the zigzag line in the p-block of the periodic table.
Explanation:
Reverse osmosis uses a semipermeable membrane to reject dissolved salts and impurities. Filtration removes solids; chlorination/ozonation disinfect but do not remove salts.
Explanation:
Ethane: H₃C-CH₃. There is one C-C single bond and six C-H single bonds, total 7 covalent bonds. Each bond is a sigma bond. The structural formula shows 7 bonds. Methane has 4, propane 10. Counting bonds is simple: each line represents a covalent bond.
Explanation:
CO has a triple bond: one sigma and two pi bonds, with a coordinate covalent character where oxygen donates a lone pair to carbon, forming a bond similar to triple bond. Total shared electrons = 6 (three pairs). Lewis structure shows :C≡O: with formal charges. The bond order is 3. It is isoelectronic with N₂ and CN⁻.
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