Which of the following pairs will form an ionic bond?
A. Hydrogen and chlorine
B. Carbon and oxygen
C. Potassium and fluorine
D. Nitrogen and hydrogen
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Potassium (metal, low EN) and fluorine (most electronegative non-metal) have large EN difference (~3.2), leading to electron transfer and ionic bond (KF). Carbon-oxygen form polar covalent (CO₂). H-Cl polar covalent. Nitrogen-hydrogen covalent (NH₃). Ionic bonds form between metals of Group 1, 2 and non-metals of Group 16, 17.
Explanation:
pH < 7 indicates acidic. Since 4.5 is less than 7 but not extremely low (like 1-2), it is weakly acidic. Neutral pH=7, basic pH>7. A solution with pH 4 is more acidic than pH 5.
Explanation:
The Wurtz reaction involves the reaction of an alkyl halide with sodium metal in dry ether to form a higher alkane. For example, two molecules of methyl chloride react with two sodium atoms to form ethane (C2H6) and sodium chloride. It is primarily used to synthesize symmetrical alkanes with an even number of carbon atoms.
Explanation:
Permanent hardness is due to CaCl₂, CaSO₄, MgCl₂, MgSO₄. These do not precipitate on boiling. Temporary hardness (bicarbonates) is removed by boiling. Both can be removed by ion exchange or washing soda.
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