Who discovered the fundamental principle of chemical thermodynamics relating free energy, enthalpy, and entropy? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Who discovered the fundamental principle of chemical thermodynamics relating free energy, enthalpy, and entropy?
A. James Joule
B. Sadi Carnot
C. Lord Kelvin
D. Josiah Willard Gibbs
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Josiah Willard Gibbs formulated Gibbs Free Energy ($G = H - TS$), establishing mathematical precision within physical chemistry.

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Practice More Inventions and Discoveries Questions

Question #1 Report Error
Who discovered that atomic electronic distributions can be mapped inside multi-dimensional coordinate grids, formulating Matrix Mechanics?
A. Erwin Schrödinger
B. Niels Bohr
C. Wolfgang Pauli
D. Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, and Pascual Jordan

Correct Answer: Option D


Explanation:
Heisenberg formulated matrix quantum mechanics in 1925, which Born and Jordan mathematically structured into matrix arrays.

Question #2 Report Error
Who discovered that light travels in packets of discrete energy called photons, explaining the Photoelectric Effect?
A. Louis de Broglie
B. Albert Einstein
C. Niels Bohr
D. Max Planck

Correct Answer: Option B


Explanation:
Albert Einstein won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his 1905 paper applying quantum concepts to the photoelectric effect.

Question #3 Report Error
The invention of the common electronic system known as the microprocessor architecture layout was scaled by which engineer?
A. Alan Turing
B. John von Neumann
C. Federico Faggin, Ted Hoff, and Stanley Mazor
D. Jack Kilby

Correct Answer: Option C


Explanation:
Faggin led the design layout of the Intel 4004 silicon chip in 1971, implementing full computing logic inside a single component.