Enzymes are proteinaceous substances that act as biological catalysts, speeding up biochemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed. They are highly specific and work under mild conditions (pH, temperature). Examples: amylase breaks down starch, pepsin digests proteins. Inorganic catalysts are like Pt, Ni. Lipids are fats, not catalysts. Negative catalysts (inhibitors) slow reactions. Enzymes may be deactivated by high temperature or extreme pH.
Explanation:
Ethanol is added to chloroform to inhibit its oxidation to phosgene (COCl₂) – a negative catalyst. Others are positive catalysts that speed up reactions.
Explanation:
Atomic number 11 is sodium (Na). The electron shells fill as 2 in K, 8 in L, and the remaining 1 in M. Thus configuration is 2,8,1. It belongs to Group 1 (alkali metals) and Period 3. The configuration determines its valency (1) and reactivity.
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