Consider statements about environment: 1. The Chipko movement was for forest conservation. 2. Joint Forest Management involves local communities. 3. Biodiversity hotspots have low species richness. Which are correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

The Chipko movement was a grassroots environmental movement in India where villagers hugged trees to prevent them from being cut down, highlighting forest conservation. Joint Forest Management (JFM) is a government initiative involving local communities in the protection and management of degraded forest lands. Biodiversity hotspots are regions with exceptionally high levels of species richness and endemism, not low. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.