Consider statements about human diseases: 1. HIV attacks the immune system. 2. Malaria is caused by a virus. 3. Tuberculosis affects the lungs. Which are correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question

Consider statements about human diseases: 1. HIV attacks the immune system. 2. Malaria is caused by a virus. 3. Tuberculosis affects the lungs. Which are correct?

A. 2 and 3 only

B. 1 and 3 only

C. 1 and 2 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: Option B

Solution (By JKExamLibrary)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) specifically targets and destroys CD4+ T-helper cells, severely compromising the immune system and leading to AIDS. Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs (pulmonary TB). Malaria is not caused by a virus; it is caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium, transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito. Thus, statements 1 and 3 are correct.

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The scientist who discovered the phenomenon of transformation in bacteria was:

A. Hershey

B. Griffith

C. Chase

D. Avery

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Frederick Griffith in 1928 demonstrated transformation by showing that heat-killed virulent pneumococci could transfer virulence to live non-virulent bacteria. Avery et al. later identified the transforming principle as DNA.

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Question #2

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Folic acid (folate) deficiency during pregnancy increases the risk of:

A. Night blindness

B. Neural tube defects

C. Scurvy

D. Rickets

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Folate (vitamin B₉) is crucial for DNA synthesis and cell division. Inadequate folate early in pregnancy can cause neural tube defects like spina bifida in the fetus. Supplementation is recommended.

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Question #3

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The nitrogenous waste that requires the least amount of water for excretion is:

A. Ammonia

B. Uric acid

C. Urea

D. Guanine

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Uric acid is the least toxic and most water-insoluble nitrogenous waste, excreted as a paste or solid pellet, requiring minimal water. It is produced by birds, reptiles, and insects (uricotelic organisms). Ammonia (ammonotelic) is highly toxic, requiring large water volumes (e.g., fish). Urea (ureotelic) is intermediate, excreted by mammals.

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